Essay on art and photography — Background and Themes

Photography's Early Struggle for Esteem

When Photography was first introduced, it met with severe struggle, condemned by artists of all grades who saw it as a vehicle of destruction to their pursuits. Sutton notes that professional prejudice biased the Press, which echoed that Photography could only be a caricature. The combination of Art and Science was checked in its progress. This section reveals the depth of opposition Sutton is countering, and his method of presenting historical context to argue for photography's legitimacy.

The Union of Science and Art

Sutton argues that Science and Art have become irrevocably united, each depending on the other for success. He distinguishes the unerring accuracy of drawing in photography from the glowing warmth of nature imparted by art. This union, he claims, has invoked a higher, purer standard for truthful representation of contemporaneous life, adhering to reality rather than fantastic guise. He asserts that perspective, the great key to Art, was fabulous before photography, and that photography has brought mathematical exactness to distance and beautiful definition to light and shade.

Photography's Aid to Multiple Sciences

Sutton enumerates the invaluable aid photography gives to Architecture, Astronomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Chemistry, Physiology, Literature, and numberless sciences. He notes that the microscope reveals what the human eye cannot, and photography delineates it. Thus, copies of every work of art, ancient and modern, are multiplied and preserved for generations. This section broadens the essay's scope beyond fine arts, positioning photography as a universal tool for knowledge.

Defects in Photographic Portraiture and Their Remedies

Sutton addresses the public opinion that photography exaggerates, adding years to a sitter's age or harshly defining lines. He explains that this defect is in the after process, not the actual taking, unless lighting is poor. He advises careful printing according to scale, requiring exacting patience, so that every shade and detail is rich in soft rotundity. He concludes with a metaphor: a small grain of seed becomes a goodly tree; we should not trample its tender shoots but assist its maturity by removing noxious weeds. This practical advice grounds the essay in the photographer's craft.

Sutton's essay, though brief, weaves together historical argument, technical advocacy, and practical guidance. Readers will find his voice that of a practitioner defending his medium against entrenched prejudice, while also offering concrete advice for improving photographic work. The essay's structure—from struggle to union to application—mirrors his argument for photography's essential role in advancing art and science. A first reading benefits from noting how Sutton balances defense with critique, and how his closing metaphor of cultivation encapsulates his hopeful, reformist stance.